ABSTRACT
Occurrence of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in mammary gland and tongue taste epithelium was demonstrated for the first time. Six times higher ACE activity in lactating mammary gland, than non-lactating mammary gland, suggested pregnancy and lactation hormonal dependent expression of ACE in female mammals. ACE activity was highest in choroid plexus, less in spinal cord and moderate in cerebrum, medulla, cerebellum and pons. Distribution of ACE in different regions of skin, kidney and among other tissues was different. Presence of ACE in adrenal glands, pancreas, bone marrow and thyroid gland indicated functions other than blood pressure homeostasis for this enzyme.
Subject(s)
Animals , Brain/enzymology , Female , Lactation/metabolism , Mammary Glands, Animal/enzymology , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/isolation & purification , Sheep , Skin/enzymology , Tongue/enzymologyABSTRACT
The effect of banana on cold stress induced hypertension, peak expiratory flow rate and plasma ACE activity in healthy human volunteers was tested. Systolic blood pressure (P < 0.005), diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.025) and mean arterial blood pressure (P < 0.005) were significantly decreased during cold stress after banana treatment compared to controls subjected to cold stress. There was no significant changes in heart rate and peak expiratory flow rate but only significant decrease in plasma ACE activity after banana treatment. Banana decreased the rise of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in healthy volunteers subjected to cold stress test without much effect on heart rate and peak expiratory flow rate.
Subject(s)
Adult , Cold Temperature , Female , Humans , Hypertension/diet therapy , Male , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/blood , Reference Values , Respiratory Function Tests , ZingiberalesABSTRACT
Effect of chloride and diamide on testicular and epididymal angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity was investigated using Hip-His-Leu as substrate in sheep. The chloride ions functioned as ACE activators, however, there was no linear correlation between the two. The optimum chloride concentrations were 500 mM for epididymal ACE and 900-1100 mM for testicular ACE. Further, optimum chloride concentration increased ACE activity of testis and epididymis 25.40- folds and 12.84- folds respectively of the activities at physiological chloride concentration. The differences found in the effect of chloride on testicular and epididymal ACE activity suggest dissimilar three dimensional structure of ACE in these tissues. Increased testicular and epididymal ACE activity on diamide pretreatment indicates that tissue oxidation may affect ACE activity.
Subject(s)
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/metabolism , Animals , Chlorides/pharmacology , Diamide/pharmacology , Epididymis/drug effects , Male , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism , Sheep , Sulfhydryl Reagents/pharmacology , Testis/drug effectsABSTRACT
Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme(EC 3.4,15.1, ACE) in presence of captopril, lisinopril and enalapril were investigated in kidney, lung and serum of sheep using Hip-His-Leu(HHL) as substrate. The activity in kidney, lung and serum was inhibited at HHL concentration above 5 mM. The inhibitory constants (IC50) ranged between 5.6 nM for serum ACE with lisinopril and 70000 nM for renal ACE with enalapril while Ki ranged from 1.0 nM for serum ACE with lisinopril to 12000 nM for kidney ACE with enalapril. Differences in inhibition observed in different tissues suggest that the inhibitors may block function(s) of ACE to varying degrees in each tissue.